Phonetics: It deals with the study of speech sounds. It
deals with the explanation and classification of the sounds on the basis of how
sounds are produced by human beings and how they are perceived by us.
Phonology: It deals with how a special language classifies its
sounds in to phonemes (distinctive units) and how syllables are created with
the combination of phonemes. It also deals with the prosodic features like
stress, pitch, tone & intonation etc.
Sounds of English: According to the Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) there are
44 sounds in English language. In which 24 are consonant sounds and 20 are
vowel sounds, vowels are divided into 12-pure vowels and 8 diphthongs.
Sure, here's the revised chart with the 44 English phonetic sounds using
both Urdu and Hindi symbols:
English
Sound Chart with Urdu and Hindi symbols
Vowel
Chart
|
English Sound |
Example |
Urdu Symbol |
Hindi Symbol |
|
/æ/ |
Cat |
ے / َ |
ऐ / ऱ |
|
/ɛ/ |
Bed |
ے / َ |
ए / ऱ |
|
/ɪ/ |
Sit |
ِ / ِ |
इ / ि |
|
/ɒ/ |
Pot |
و / َ |
ऑ / ़ |
|
/ʊ/ |
Put |
ُ / و |
उ / ु |
|
/ɑː/ |
father |
ا / آ |
आ / ा |
|
/iː/ |
See |
ی |
ई / ी |
|
/aɪ/ |
Bike |
ائی / اَے |
आइ / ाइ |
|
/əʊ/ |
Go |
و |
ओ / ो |
|
/uː/ |
Blue |
و |
ऊ / ू |
|
/eɪ/ |
Rain |
ے / َے |
ए / ए |
|
/aʊ/ |
Out |
و / َؤ |
आउ / औ |
|
/ɔɪ/ |
Boy |
وائے |
ऑय |
|
/ɜː/ |
Bird |
َار / َ |
अ / ऱ |
|
/ə/ |
Ago |
َ |
अ / ऱ |
Consonants Chart
|
||||
|
/p/
pan پ प
|
||||
|
/b/
bat ب ब |
||||
|
/k/ cat ک क |
||||
|
/d/ dog د द
|
||||
|
/f/ fish ف फ |
||||
|
/ɡ/ go گ ग |
||||
|
/h/ hat ہ ह |
||||
|
/dʒ/ jam ج ज |
||||
|
/k/ kite ک क |
||||
|
/l/ leg ل ल |
||||
|
/m/ man م म |
||||
|
/n/ not ن न |
||||
|
/r/ run ر र |
||||
|
/s/ sit س स
|
||||
|
/ʃ/ ship ش श |
||||
|
/t/ top ت त
|
||||
|
/θ/ think تھ /
ث थ
|
||||
|
/ð/ this ذ / د द / ध |
||||
|
/v/ van و / وِ व |
||||
|
/w/ wet و व |
||||
|
/j/ yes ی य |
||||
|
/z/ zebra ز ज़ |
||||
|
/tʃ/ chair چ च |
||||
|
/dʒ/ judge ج ज |
||||
|
/ŋ/ sing نگ ङ |
Consonant Sound and Spelling Chart
|
Sound |
Spelling |
Examples |
|
/P/ |
P |
pen, spin, cap |
|
/b/ |
B |
bed, about, snub |
|
/ t/ |
t, tt, th, ed, pt |
tank, actor, prompt |
|
/d/ |
d, dd, ed |
door, sudden, played |
|
/K/ |
k, C, cc, ck, ch,
qu, x |
keen, cat, occur,
pack, chemistry, extra |
|
/g/ |
g, gh, x |
gate, ghost, examine |
|
/tʃ/ |
ch, tch |
chair, butcher |
|
/ʃ/ |
sh, s, ss, c, ch, t,
ti |
shepherd, sure,
mission, special, machine, nation |
|
/θ/ |
Th |
thin, think, bath |
|
/ð/ |
Th |
this, that, mother |
|
/m/ |
m, mm |
man, summer |
|
/n/ |
n, nn, kn |
net, inner, knee |
|
/ŋ/ |
ng, n |
sing, think |
|
/f/ |
f, ff, ph, gh |
fan, off, phone,
laugh |
|
/v/ |
v, f |
van, of |
|
/S/ |
s, ss, c, sc, ps |
sit, mass, cent,
scene, psychology |
|
/Z/ |
z, zz, s, ss, x |
zip, buzz, has,
dessert, xylophone |
|
/ h/ |
H |
hat, happy |
|
/W/ |
w, wh |
wet, when |
|
/l/ |
l, ll |
let, bell |
|
/r/ |
r, rr, wr |
run, carry, write |
|
/dg/ |
j, g, dg, dge, ge |
jam, giant, judge,
bridge, age |
|
/j/ |
Y |
yes, yellow |
Consonant sounds: These are those sounds of the language in which
there is narrowing or closure of air passage while producing them. In case of
consonant sounds the air is stopped very shortly in the cavity of mouth, before
passing out. They are divided into two types on vibration of vocal cards or
duration of time.
Voiceless: These are those sounds which take less duration of
time while uttering them or the vocal cards do not vibrate while uttering them.
Voiceless sounds are; /p/, /t/, /k/, /tʃ/,
/f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/,
/h/
Voiced: These are those sounds which take more duration of
time while uttering them or while producing them the vocal cards vibrate. /b/,
/d/, /g/, /dʒ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /v/,/ð/, /z/,
/ʒ/, /w/, /r/, /j/, /l/
Classification of
English Sounds on articulation and place
A. Classification
according to the manner of articulation:
Plosives (6): /p/, /b/,
/t/ /d/, /k/,/g/
Affricates(2): /tʃ/, /dʒ/
Nasals(3): /m/,/n/,/ŋ/
Fricatives(9): /f/,
/v/,/θ/,/ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/,
/,/ð/, /ʒ/, /h/
Approximants/Semi voewls(3): /w/, /t/, /j/
Lateral Approximant(1):
/l/
B.
Classification according to the
place of articulation are:
Bilabials(4): /p/,
/b/,/m/,/w/
Labiodentals (2): /f/,
/v/
Dentals (2): /θ/, /ð/,
Alveolars (6): /t/,/d/,/n/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/
Postalveolar (1): /r/
Palato-alveolars (4): /tʃ/, /dʒ/,
/ʒ/,/r/
Palatal (1) : /j/
Velar: /k/, /g/
Glottal: /h/
Classification
of English Vowel Sounds
1. Monophthongs (Pure Vowels)
Short
Vowels:
|
Sound |
Example |
Tongue Position |
|
/ɪ/ |
Sit |
Front |
|
/e/ |
Bed |
Front |
|
/æ/ |
Cat |
Front |
|
/ʌ/ |
Cup |
Central |
|
/ə/ |
About |
Central |
|
/ɒ/ |
Hot |
Back |
|
/ʊ/ |
Put |
Back |
Long
Vowels:
|
Sound |
Example |
Tongue Position |
|
/iː/ |
See |
Front |
|
/ɑː/ |
Father |
Back |
|
/ɔː/ |
Saw |
Back |
|
/ɜː/ |
Bird |
Central |
|
/uː/ |
Blue |
Back |
2. Diphthongs (Gliding Vowels)
|
Sound |
Example |
Starting Position |
Ending Position |
|
/eɪ/ |
Face |
Front |
Front |
|
/aɪ/ |
My |
Front |
Front |
|
/ɔɪ/ |
Boy |
Back |
Front |
|
/aʊ/ |
Now |
Front |
Back |
|
/əʊ/ |
Go |
Central |
Back |
|
/ɪə/ |
Near |
Front |
Central |
|
/eə/ |
Care |
Front |
Central |
|
/ʊə/ |
Cure |
Back |
Central |
Vowel
Classification by Position and Duration
Front Vowels:
·
Short:
- /ɪ/ (sit)
- /e/ (bed)
- /æ/ (cat)
·
Long:
- /iː/ (see)
Central Vowels:
·
Short:
- /ʌ/ (cup)
- /ə/ (about)
·
Long:
- /ɜː/ (bird)
Back Vowels:
·
Short:
- /ɒ/ (hot)
- /ʊ/ (put)
·
Long:
- /ɑː/ (father)
- /ɔː/ (saw)
- /uː/ (blue)
Three Examples of Phonetic Symbols
|
Phonetic Symbol |
Initial Example |
Medial Example |
Final Example |
|
/p/ |
pen |
Spin |
Cap |
|
/b/ |
book |
Cabin |
Tub |
|
/t/ |
tell |
Water |
Light |
|
/d/ |
day |
Ladder |
Bed |
|
/k/ |
cat |
School |
Back |
|
/ɡ/ |
get |
Bigger |
Bag |
|
/tʃ/ |
chin |
Teacher |
Watch |
|
/dʒ/ |
jump |
Major |
Judge |
|
/f/ |
fun |
Coffee |
Leaf |
|
/v/ |
van |
Oven |
Live |
|
/θ/ |
thin |
Method |
Bath |
|
/ð/ |
this |
Mother |
Breathe |
|
/s/ |
sit |
Castle |
Miss |
|
/z/ |
zoo |
Puzzle |
Buzz |
|
/ʃ/ |
shoe |
Fashion |
Wish |
|
/ʒ/ |
(rare) |
Measure |
(rare) |
|
/h/ |
hat |
Behind |
(rare) |
|
/m/ |
man |
Camel |
Team |
|
/n/ |
not |
Runner |
Sun |
|
/ŋ/ |
(rare) |
Singer |
Sing |
|
/l/ |
leg |
Yellow |
Full |
|
/r/ |
run |
Carrot |
Star |
|
/j/ |
yes |
Beyond |
(rare) |
|
/w/ |
wet |
Always |
(rare) |
Chart
for vowels:
|
Phonetic Symbol |
Initial Example |
Medial Example |
Final Example |
|
/æ/ |
apple |
Cat |
(rare) |
|
/ɛ/ |
elephant |
Bed |
(rare) |
|
/ɪ/ |
ink |
Sit |
City |
|
/ɒ/ |
octopus |
(rare) |
(rare) |
|
/ʊ/ |
(rare) |
Book |
(rare) |
|
/ɑː/ |
arm |
Father |
(rare) |
|
/iː/ |
eat |
Meet |
See |
|
/oʊ/ |
oat |
Boat |
Go |
|
/uː/ |
ooze |
Food |
Do |
|
/eɪ/ |
aim |
Rain |
Say |
|
/aɪ/ |
ice |
Bike |
Fly |
|
/ɔɪ/ |
oil |
Coin |
Toy |
|
/aʊ/ |
out |
House |
Cow |
|
/ə/ |
about |
Banana |
(rare) |
|
/ɜː/ |
earth |
Bird |
Fur |
|
/ɔː/ |
(rare) |
More |
Saw |
|
/ʌ/ |
up |
Cup |
(rare) |
Phonetics: It deals with the study of speech sounds. It deals with the explanation and classification of the sounds on the basis of how sounds are produced by human beings and how they are perceived by us.
Phonology: It deals with how a special language classifies its
sounds in to phonemes (distinctive units) and how syllables are created with
the combination of phonemes. It also deals with the prosodic features like
stress, pitch, tone & intonation etc.
Sounds of English: According to the Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) there are
44 sounds in English language. In which 24 are consonant sounds and 20 are
vowel sounds, vowels are divided into 12-pure vowels and 8 diphthongs.
Sure, here's the revised chart with the 44 English phonetic sounds using
both Urdu and Hindi symbols:
English
Sound Chart with Urdu and Hindi symbols
Vowel
Chart
|
English Sound |
Example |
Urdu Symbol |
Hindi Symbol |
|
/æ/ |
Cat |
ے / َ |
ऐ / ऱ |
|
/ɛ/ |
Bed |
ے / َ |
ए / ऱ |
|
/ɪ/ |
Sit |
ِ / ِ |
इ / ि |
|
/ɒ/ |
Pot |
و / َ |
ऑ / ़ |
|
/ʊ/ |
Put |
ُ / و |
उ / ु |
|
/ɑː/ |
father |
ا / آ |
आ / ा |
|
/iː/ |
See |
ی |
ई / ी |
|
/aɪ/ |
Bike |
ائی / اَے |
आइ / ाइ |
|
/əʊ/ |
Go |
و |
ओ / ो |
|
/uː/ |
Blue |
و |
ऊ / ू |
|
/eɪ/ |
Rain |
ے / َے |
ए / ए |
|
/aʊ/ |
Out |
و / َؤ |
आउ / औ |
|
/ɔɪ/ |
Boy |
وائے |
ऑय |
|
/ɜː/ |
Bird |
َار / َ |
अ / ऱ |
|
/ə/ |
Ago |
َ |
अ / ऱ |
Consonants Chart
|
||||
|
/p/
pan پ प
|
||||
|
/b/
bat ب ब |
||||
|
/k/ cat ک क |
||||
|
/d/ dog د द
|
||||
|
/f/ fish ف फ |
||||
|
/ɡ/ go گ ग |
||||
|
/h/ hat ہ ह |
||||
|
/dʒ/ jam ج ज |
||||
|
/k/ kite ک क |
||||
|
/l/ leg ل ल |
||||
|
/m/ man م म |
||||
|
/n/ not ن न |
||||
|
/r/ run ر र |
||||
|
/s/ sit س स
|
||||
|
/ʃ/ ship ش श |
||||
|
/t/ top ت त
|
||||
|
/θ/ think تھ /
ث थ
|
||||
|
/ð/ this ذ / د द / ध |
||||
|
/v/ van و / وِ व |
||||
|
/w/ wet و व |
||||
|
/j/ yes ی य |
||||
|
/z/ zebra ز ज़ |
||||
|
/tʃ/ chair چ च |
||||
|
/dʒ/ judge ج ज |
||||
|
/ŋ/ sing نگ ङ |
Consonant Sound and Spelling Chart
|
Sound |
Spelling |
Examples |
|
/P/ |
P |
pen, spin, cap |
|
/b/ |
B |
bed, about, snub |
|
/ t/ |
t, tt, th, ed, pt |
tank, actor, prompt |
|
/d/ |
d, dd, ed |
door, sudden, played |
|
/K/ |
k, C, cc, ck, ch,
qu, x |
keen, cat, occur,
pack, chemistry, extra |
|
/g/ |
g, gh, x |
gate, ghost, examine |
|
/tʃ/ |
ch, tch |
chair, butcher |
|
/ʃ/ |
sh, s, ss, c, ch, t,
ti |
shepherd, sure,
mission, special, machine, nation |
|
/θ/ |
Th |
thin, think, bath |
|
/ð/ |
Th |
this, that, mother |
|
/m/ |
m, mm |
man, summer |
|
/n/ |
n, nn, kn |
net, inner, knee |
|
/ŋ/ |
ng, n |
sing, think |
|
/f/ |
f, ff, ph, gh |
fan, off, phone,
laugh |
|
/v/ |
v, f |
van, of |
|
/S/ |
s, ss, c, sc, ps |
sit, mass, cent,
scene, psychology |
|
/Z/ |
z, zz, s, ss, x |
zip, buzz, has,
dessert, xylophone |
|
/ h/ |
H |
hat, happy |
|
/W/ |
w, wh |
wet, when |
|
/l/ |
l, ll |
let, bell |
|
/r/ |
r, rr, wr |
run, carry, write |
|
/dg/ |
j, g, dg, dge, ge |
jam, giant, judge,
bridge, age |
|
/j/ |
Y |
yes, yellow |
Consonant sounds: These are those sounds of the language in which
there is narrowing or closure of air passage while producing them. In case of
consonant sounds the air is stopped very shortly in the cavity of mouth, before
passing out. They are divided into two types on vibration of vocal cards or
duration of time.
Voiceless: These are those sounds which take less duration of
time while uttering them or the vocal cards do not vibrate while uttering them.
Voiceless sounds are; /p/, /t/, /k/, /tʃ/,
/f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/,
/h/
Voiced: These are those sounds which take more duration of
time while uttering them or while producing them the vocal cards vibrate. /b/,
/d/, /g/, /dʒ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /v/,/ð/, /z/,
/ʒ/, /w/, /r/, /j/, /l/
Classification of
English Sounds on articulation and place
A. Classification
according to the manner of articulation:
Plosives (6): /p/, /b/,
/t/ /d/, /k/,/g/
Affricates(2): /tʃ/, /dʒ/
Nasals(3): /m/,/n/,/ŋ/
Fricatives(9): /f/,
/v/,/θ/,/ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/,
/,/ð/, /ʒ/, /h/
Approximants/Semi voewls(3): /w/, /t/, /j/
Lateral Approximant(1):
/l/
B.
Classification according to the
place of articulation are:
Bilabials(4): /p/,
/b/,/m/,/w/
Labiodentals (2): /f/,
/v/
Dentals (2): /θ/, /ð/,
Alveolars (6): /t/,/d/,/n/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/
Postalveolar (1): /r/
Palato-alveolars (4): /tʃ/, /dʒ/,
/ʒ/,/r/
Palatal (1) : /j/
Velar: /k/, /g/
Glottal: /h/
Classification
of English Vowel Sounds
1. Monophthongs (Pure Vowels)
Short
Vowels:
|
Sound |
Example |
Tongue Position |
|
/ɪ/ |
Sit |
Front |
|
/e/ |
Bed |
Front |
|
/æ/ |
Cat |
Front |
|
/ʌ/ |
Cup |
Central |
|
/ə/ |
About |
Central |
|
/ɒ/ |
Hot |
Back |
|
/ʊ/ |
Put |
Back |
Long
Vowels:
|
Sound |
Example |
Tongue Position |
|
/iː/ |
See |
Front |
|
/ɑː/ |
Father |
Back |
|
/ɔː/ |
Saw |
Back |
|
/ɜː/ |
Bird |
Central |
|
/uː/ |
Blue |
Back |
2. Diphthongs (Gliding Vowels)
|
Sound |
Example |
Starting Position |
Ending Position |
|
/eɪ/ |
Face |
Front |
Front |
|
/aɪ/ |
My |
Front |
Front |
|
/ɔɪ/ |
Boy |
Back |
Front |
|
/aʊ/ |
Now |
Front |
Back |
|
/əʊ/ |
Go |
Central |
Back |
|
/ɪə/ |
Near |
Front |
Central |
|
/eə/ |
Care |
Front |
Central |
|
/ʊə/ |
Cure |
Back |
Central |
Vowel
Classification by Position and Duration
Front Vowels:
·
Short:
- /ɪ/ (sit)
- /e/ (bed)
- /æ/ (cat)
·
Long:
- /iː/ (see)
Central Vowels:
·
Short:
- /ʌ/ (cup)
- /ə/ (about)
·
Long:
- /ɜː/ (bird)
Back Vowels:
·
Short:
- /ɒ/ (hot)
- /ʊ/ (put)
·
Long:
- /ɑː/ (father)
- /ɔː/ (saw)
- /uː/ (blue)
Three Examples of Phonetic Symbols
|
Phonetic Symbol |
Initial Example |
Medial Example |
Final Example |
|
/p/ |
pen |
Spin |
Cap |
|
/b/ |
book |
Cabin |
Tub |
|
/t/ |
tell |
Water |
Light |
|
/d/ |
day |
Ladder |
Bed |
|
/k/ |
cat |
School |
Back |
|
/ɡ/ |
get |
Bigger |
Bag |
|
/tʃ/ |
chin |
Teacher |
Watch |
|
/dʒ/ |
jump |
Major |
Judge |
|
/f/ |
fun |
Coffee |
Leaf |
|
/v/ |
van |
Oven |
Live |
|
/θ/ |
thin |
Method |
Bath |
|
/ð/ |
this |
Mother |
Breathe |
|
/s/ |
sit |
Castle |
Miss |
|
/z/ |
zoo |
Puzzle |
Buzz |
|
/ʃ/ |
shoe |
Fashion |
Wish |
|
/ʒ/ |
(rare) |
Measure |
(rare) |
|
/h/ |
hat |
Behind |
(rare) |
|
/m/ |
man |
Camel |
Team |
|
/n/ |
not |
Runner |
Sun |
|
/ŋ/ |
(rare) |
Singer |
Sing |
|
/l/ |
leg |
Yellow |
Full |
|
/r/ |
run |
Carrot |
Star |
|
/j/ |
yes |
Beyond |
(rare) |
|
/w/ |
wet |
Always |
(rare) |
Chart
for vowels:
|
Phonetic Symbol |
Initial Example |
Medial Example |
Final Example |
|
/æ/ |
apple |
Cat |
(rare) |
|
/ɛ/ |
elephant |
Bed |
(rare) |
|
/ɪ/ |
ink |
Sit |
City |
|
/ɒ/ |
octopus |
(rare) |
(rare) |
|
/ʊ/ |
(rare) |
Book |
(rare) |
|
/ɑː/ |
arm |
Father |
(rare) |
|
/iː/ |
eat |
Meet |
See |
|
/oʊ/ |
oat |
Boat |
Go |
|
/uː/ |
ooze |
Food |
Do |
|
/eɪ/ |
aim |
Rain |
Say |
|
/aɪ/ |
ice |
Bike |
Fly |
|
/ɔɪ/ |
oil |
Coin |
Toy |
|
/aʊ/ |
out |
House |
Cow |
|
/ə/ |
about |
Banana |
(rare) |
|
/ɜː/ |
earth |
Bird |
Fur |
|
/ɔː/ |
(rare) |
More |
Saw |
|
/ʌ/ |
up |
Cup |
(rare) |
Phonetics: It deals with the study of speech sounds. It deals with the explanation and classification of the sounds on the basis of how sounds are produced by human beings and how they are perceived by us.
Phonology: It deals with how a special language classifies its
sounds in to phonemes (distinctive units) and how syllables are created with
the combination of phonemes. It also deals with the prosodic features like
stress, pitch, tone & intonation etc.
Sounds of English: According to the Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) there are
44 sounds in English language. In which 24 are consonant sounds and 20 are
vowel sounds, vowels are divided into 12-pure vowels and 8 diphthongs.
Sure, here's the revised chart with the 44 English phonetic sounds using
both Urdu and Hindi symbols:
English
Sound Chart with Urdu and Hindi symbols
Vowel
Chart
|
English Sound |
Example |
Urdu Symbol |
Hindi Symbol |
|
/æ/ |
Cat |
ے / َ |
ऐ / ऱ |
|
/ɛ/ |
Bed |
ے / َ |
ए / ऱ |
|
/ɪ/ |
Sit |
ِ / ِ |
इ / ि |
|
/ɒ/ |
Pot |
و / َ |
ऑ / ़ |
|
/ʊ/ |
Put |
ُ / و |
उ / ु |
|
/ɑː/ |
father |
ا / آ |
आ / ा |
|
/iː/ |
See |
ی |
ई / ी |
|
/aɪ/ |
Bike |
ائی / اَے |
आइ / ाइ |
|
/əʊ/ |
Go |
و |
ओ / ो |
|
/uː/ |
Blue |
و |
ऊ / ू |
|
/eɪ/ |
Rain |
ے / َے |
ए / ए |
|
/aʊ/ |
Out |
و / َؤ |
आउ / औ |
|
/ɔɪ/ |
Boy |
وائے |
ऑय |
|
/ɜː/ |
Bird |
َار / َ |
अ / ऱ |
|
/ə/ |
Ago |
َ |
अ / ऱ |
Consonants Chart
|
||||
|
/p/
pan پ प
|
||||
|
/b/
bat ب ब |
||||
|
/k/ cat ک क |
||||
|
/d/ dog د द
|
||||
|
/f/ fish ف फ |
||||
|
/ɡ/ go گ ग |
||||
|
/h/ hat ہ ह |
||||
|
/dʒ/ jam ج ज |
||||
|
/k/ kite ک क |
||||
|
/l/ leg ل ल |
||||
|
/m/ man م म |
||||
|
/n/ not ن न |
||||
|
/r/ run ر र |
||||
|
/s/ sit س स
|
||||
|
/ʃ/ ship ش श |
||||
|
/t/ top ت त
|
||||
|
/θ/ think تھ /
ث थ
|
||||
|
/ð/ this ذ / د द / ध |
||||
|
/v/ van و / وِ व |
||||
|
/w/ wet و व |
||||
|
/j/ yes ی य |
||||
|
/z/ zebra ز ज़ |
||||
|
/tʃ/ chair چ च |
||||
|
/dʒ/ judge ج ज |
||||
|
/ŋ/ sing نگ ङ |
Consonant Sound and Spelling Chart
|
Sound |
Spelling |
Examples |
|
/P/ |
P |
pen, spin, cap |
|
/b/ |
B |
bed, about, snub |
|
/ t/ |
t, tt, th, ed, pt |
tank, actor, prompt |
|
/d/ |
d, dd, ed |
door, sudden, played |
|
/K/ |
k, C, cc, ck, ch,
qu, x |
keen, cat, occur,
pack, chemistry, extra |
|
/g/ |
g, gh, x |
gate, ghost, examine |
|
/tʃ/ |
ch, tch |
chair, butcher |
|
/ʃ/ |
sh, s, ss, c, ch, t,
ti |
shepherd, sure,
mission, special, machine, nation |
|
/θ/ |
Th |
thin, think, bath |
|
/ð/ |
Th |
this, that, mother |
|
/m/ |
m, mm |
man, summer |
|
/n/ |
n, nn, kn |
net, inner, knee |
|
/ŋ/ |
ng, n |
sing, think |
|
/f/ |
f, ff, ph, gh |
fan, off, phone,
laugh |
|
/v/ |
v, f |
van, of |
|
/S/ |
s, ss, c, sc, ps |
sit, mass, cent,
scene, psychology |
|
/Z/ |
z, zz, s, ss, x |
zip, buzz, has,
dessert, xylophone |
|
/ h/ |
H |
hat, happy |
|
/W/ |
w, wh |
wet, when |
|
/l/ |
l, ll |
let, bell |
|
/r/ |
r, rr, wr |
run, carry, write |
|
/dg/ |
j, g, dg, dge, ge |
jam, giant, judge,
bridge, age |
|
/j/ |
Y |
yes, yellow |
Consonant sounds: These are those sounds of the language in which
there is narrowing or closure of air passage while producing them. In case of
consonant sounds the air is stopped very shortly in the cavity of mouth, before
passing out. They are divided into two types on vibration of vocal cards or
duration of time.
Voiceless: These are those sounds which take less duration of
time while uttering them or the vocal cards do not vibrate while uttering them.
Voiceless sounds are; /p/, /t/, /k/, /tʃ/,
/f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/,
/h/
Voiced: These are those sounds which take more duration of
time while uttering them or while producing them the vocal cards vibrate. /b/,
/d/, /g/, /dʒ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /v/,/ð/, /z/,
/ʒ/, /w/, /r/, /j/, /l/
Classification of
English Sounds on articulation and place
A. Classification
according to the manner of articulation:
Plosives (6): /p/, /b/,
/t/ /d/, /k/,/g/
Affricates(2): /tʃ/, /dʒ/
Nasals(3): /m/,/n/,/ŋ/
Fricatives(9): /f/,
/v/,/θ/,/ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/,
/,/ð/, /ʒ/, /h/
Approximants/Semi voewls(3): /w/, /t/, /j/
Lateral Approximant(1):
/l/
B.
Classification according to the
place of articulation are:
Bilabials(4): /p/,
/b/,/m/,/w/
Labiodentals (2): /f/,
/v/
Dentals (2): /θ/, /ð/,
Alveolars (6): /t/,/d/,/n/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/
Postalveolar (1): /r/
Palato-alveolars (4): /tʃ/, /dʒ/,
/ʒ/,/r/
Palatal (1) : /j/
Velar: /k/, /g/
Glottal: /h/
Classification
of English Vowel Sounds
1. Monophthongs (Pure Vowels)
Short
Vowels:
|
Sound |
Example |
Tongue Position |
|
/ɪ/ |
Sit |
Front |
|
/e/ |
Bed |
Front |
|
/æ/ |
Cat |
Front |
|
/ʌ/ |
Cup |
Central |
|
/ə/ |
About |
Central |
|
/ɒ/ |
Hot |
Back |
|
/ʊ/ |
Put |
Back |
Long
Vowels:
|
Sound |
Example |
Tongue Position |
|
/iː/ |
See |
Front |
|
/ɑː/ |
Father |
Back |
|
/ɔː/ |
Saw |
Back |
|
/ɜː/ |
Bird |
Central |
|
/uː/ |
Blue |
Back |
2. Diphthongs (Gliding Vowels)
|
Sound |
Example |
Starting Position |
Ending Position |
|
/eɪ/ |
Face |
Front |
Front |
|
/aɪ/ |
My |
Front |
Front |
|
/ɔɪ/ |
Boy |
Back |
Front |
|
/aʊ/ |
Now |
Front |
Back |
|
/əʊ/ |
Go |
Central |
Back |
|
/ɪə/ |
Near |
Front |
Central |
|
/eə/ |
Care |
Front |
Central |
|
/ʊə/ |
Cure |
Back |
Central |
Vowel
Classification by Position and Duration
Front Vowels:
·
Short:
- /ɪ/ (sit)
- /e/ (bed)
- /æ/ (cat)
·
Long:
- /iː/ (see)
Central Vowels:
·
Short:
- /ʌ/ (cup)
- /ə/ (about)
·
Long:
- /ɜː/ (bird)
Back Vowels:
·
Short:
- /ɒ/ (hot)
- /ʊ/ (put)
·
Long:
- /ɑː/ (father)
- /ɔː/ (saw)
- /uː/ (blue)
Three Examples of Phonetic Symbols
|
Phonetic Symbol |
Initial Example |
Medial Example |
Final Example |
|
/p/ |
pen |
Spin |
Cap |
|
/b/ |
book |
Cabin |
Tub |
|
/t/ |
tell |
Water |
Light |
|
/d/ |
day |
Ladder |
Bed |
|
/k/ |
cat |
School |
Back |
|
/ɡ/ |
get |
Bigger |
Bag |
|
/tʃ/ |
chin |
Teacher |
Watch |
|
/dʒ/ |
jump |
Major |
Judge |
|
/f/ |
fun |
Coffee |
Leaf |
|
/v/ |
van |
Oven |
Live |
|
/θ/ |
thin |
Method |
Bath |
|
/ð/ |
this |
Mother |
Breathe |
|
/s/ |
sit |
Castle |
Miss |
|
/z/ |
zoo |
Puzzle |
Buzz |
|
/ʃ/ |
shoe |
Fashion |
Wish |
|
/ʒ/ |
(rare) |
Measure |
(rare) |
|
/h/ |
hat |
Behind |
(rare) |
|
/m/ |
man |
Camel |
Team |
|
/n/ |
not |
Runner |
Sun |
|
/ŋ/ |
(rare) |
Singer |
Sing |
|
/l/ |
leg |
Yellow |
Full |
|
/r/ |
run |
Carrot |
Star |
|
/j/ |
yes |
Beyond |
(rare) |
|
/w/ |
wet |
Always |
(rare) |
Chart
for vowels:
|
Phonetic Symbol |
Initial Example |
Medial Example |
Final Example |
|
/æ/ |
apple |
Cat |
(rare) |
|
/ɛ/ |
elephant |
Bed |
(rare) |
|
/ɪ/ |
ink |
Sit |
City |
|
/ɒ/ |
octopus |
(rare) |
(rare) |
|
/ʊ/ |
(rare) |
Book |
(rare) |
|
/ɑː/ |
arm |
Father |
(rare) |
|
/iː/ |
eat |
Meet |
See |
|
/oʊ/ |
oat |
Boat |
Go |
|
/uː/ |
ooze |
Food |
Do |
|
/eɪ/ |
aim |
Rain |
Say |
|
/aɪ/ |
ice |
Bike |
Fly |
|
/ɔɪ/ |
oil |
Coin |
Toy |
|
/aʊ/ |
out |
House |
Cow |
|
/ə/ |
about |
Banana |
(rare) |
|
/ɜː/ |
earth |
Bird |
Fur |
|
/ɔː/ |
(rare) |
More |
Saw |
|
/ʌ/ |
up |
Cup |
(rare) |
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