Novel
It is derived from word “Novella”
which means ‘a little new things’.
It is a form of fictitious prose narrative.
It setting can be real or imaginary.
The father of novel is considered to
Henry Fielding.
Types: Picaresque,
Epistolary, Allegorical, Gothic, Magic, Utopian, Dystopian, Psychological, Stream
of Consciousness, Realistic, Historical, Autobiographical, Bildungsroman, Kunstleroman,
Apocalyptic.
Realistic:
It is a type of fiction which deals
with realism.
This is also called novel of
Manners.
It deals with realistic and days
today live events.
It has complex characters who
interact with another.
Picaresque
Novel:
It has derived from Spanish word “Picaro”
means ‘Rogue’.
Its protagonist is mostly bad
character.
It depicts an adventure of a notorious
and strange hero.
The acts of protagonist are narrated
in a sequence of loosely connected adventures or episods.
Its story is generally about journey
and adventure.
It deals mostly with low class and
the protagonist is from low socioeconomic background.
It is mostly narrated in first
person and there is little or no plot.
Its protagonist exploits of a
renegade still is beloved one.
It is mostly written in realistic
tone.
Its examples are: R.K. Narayan’s The
Guide, Thomas Nash’s The Unfortunate Traveller, Rudyard Kipling’s Kim, Henry
Fielding’s The History of Tom Johes, Daniel Defoe’s Mall Flanders. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, and
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
Epistolary
Novel:
The word “Epistolary” is derived
from Latin word “Epistle” which means ‘a letter’.
Its narrative is narrated through a
series of documents.
It is narrated through letter or
diary entries.
Its examples are: The Moonstone by
Wilkie Collins, Dracula by Bram Stolker, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Carrie
by Stephen King, Pamela and Clarissa by S. Richardson, Love Letters Between a Nobleman and His
Sister, The Colour Purple.
Allegorical
Novel:
It deals with actual life situations
and events.
It has always symbolic multiple meanings.
Its theme is mostly about real- life
events or situations.
Its themes may be Political,
Historical, Religious or Philosophical.
Its symbolic meaning is totally
different from literal meaning.
It examples are: Arthur Miller’s The
Crucible, N. Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s
Progress, Shakespeare’s The Tempest, George Orwell’s Animal Farm.
Gothic Novel:
It is always full with supernatural
elements.
This type of novel deals with
Thriller, supernatural, doom, death, ghosts and damaged and haunted buildings
etc.
Its setting is full with horror,
death, terror, mystery, supernatural elements etc.
Its example are: Horace Walpole’s
The Castle of Otranto,Marry Shelley’s Frankenstein, Bram Stoker’s Dracual, Dry
Jekyll’s Strange Case, R. L Stevenson’s Mr Hyde, Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of
Dorian Gray, John Willima Polidoir’s The Vampyre.
Magic Realism
Novel:
It depicts a realistic view of the
modern world along with magical elements.
This is mixture of real and
imaginary.
Its examples are: Babriel Garcia
Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude, Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children.
Historical
Novel:
This type of novel is set in a time
period which is earlier than that of its author.
It deals with the past age in a
realistic manner.
It is set in a time period before to
that at which writers writes a novel.
It is a historical fiction with
historical settings.
Its themes are taken from history.
Its examples are: Dickens’s A Tale
of Two Cities, Thackeray’s Vanity Fair, George Eliot’s Romola, Leo Tolstoy’s
War and Peace, Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind.
Autobiographical
Novel:
Life story of a person written by
himself.
It is centered upon the life history
of writer.
The writer can make some
modification or change in setting, locations character etc.
The author can narrate this in first
person.
Its examples are: Jean Jacques
Rousseau’s Confessions, Albert Facey’s A Fortunate Life, and James Freyh’s A
Million Little Pieces,
Bildungsroman
Novel:
This has been derived from German
word which means ‘Growth’.
In this overall growth of character
is depicted such as mind, spirit and stages of life.
Its examples are: Fyodor
Dostoevsky’s Netochka Nezvanova, Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, Voltaire’s
Candide, Henry Fielding’s History of Tom Jones.
Kunstleroman:
It is a sub-genre of Bildungsroman.
It stresses upon the growth and
maturity of an artist.
Its examples are: The Portrait of
the Artist as a Young Man,
Utopian Novel:
Utopia is a perfect fictional town
or society.
It depicts a beautiful and
idealistic setting in novel which is perfect in all aspects.
It depicts mostly science fiction or
fantasy.
Its examples are: Sir Thomas More’s
Utopia, Plato’s The Republic, Samuel Johhson’s The History of Rasselas, Samuel
Butler’s Erewhon. Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis.
Dystopian
Novel:
Dystopia means imperfect fictional
society.
It is opposite of Utopian Novels.
It depicts a dark and nightmarish
setting of novel which is portrayed with cruelty, poverty, corruption etc.
It setting is full with deprivation,
oppression and terror etc.
There is no freedom in its story.
Its stories are mostly about social
classes and control of human behavior.
Its examples are: Aldous Huxley’s
Brave New World, George Orwell’s 1984, Suzanne Collin’s The Hunger Games, Ray
Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 251.
Apocalyptic
Novel:
It predicts the mystic disastrous
events that will emerge when the world will end.
Its examples are genre of
prophetical writing.
Psychological
Novel:
It is that type of fictional work
which focuses on characters’ personal lives and external circumstances.
The setting depicts the characters’
motivations for their actions.
It depicts the characters’
spiritual, emotional, and mental life.
Its examples are: Knut Hamsun’s Pan,
Hunger and Mysteries; Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov and Crime and
Punishment.
Stream of
Consciousness Novel:
This term was coined by William
James in his book Principles of Psychology in 1890 to describe the flow of
thought of the waking mind.
It shows the flow of thinking in the
characters mind.
It depicts the incidents in the plot
in the sequence of their occurrences.
It deals with the internal life of
the characters.
Its examples are: Viriginia Woolf’s To
the Lighthouse and Mrs. Dalloway, Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Notes From Underground,
Samuel Beckett’s Molloy, James Joyce’s Ulysses.
Join with us on below Links
1.YouTube for Live :Dear Students (Salim Sir)
2.Website for News : www.jkscore.com
2. Website for English Material:
3.Telegram for Material: Dear Students Library
4.Whats app for Information: Edu. & Job Alert
5. Mail for feedback: Jkedujob@gmail.com
6. Fb G: J&K Students Preparation Together
7. Fb P: Education with Salim Sir’s Academy
